The report identifies viable andlow-carbon energy sources that would help cement producerssatisfy their growing energy demand. For the first time,mapped, quantified, and analyzedco-processing in Egypt. Italso identified the current and future appetite foralternative fuels, highlighted impediments to market growth,and recommended potential solutions throughout the supplychain. This study makes that point clear, and encouragesproducers, officials, and other stakeholders to find greenerways to help Egypt’s cement industry grow. The successfuluse of alternative fuels for the cement industry brings withit potentially significant public and private benefits. Theuse of Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials (AFR) can reducelandfilling, lower carbon emissions by substituting the useof coal, reduce public costs for waste management, andpotentially transform waste from a public nuisance into aprivatizedand lucrative solution. The benefits make theinvestment more than worth the effort.Alternative Fuels andRaw Materials (AFR) are any non-fossil based fuels that canreplace part of the raw material needed for the productionof cement, whether it is used for thermal energy or materialrecovery. These alternative fuels are derived from wastematerial, which is plentiful in Egypt. The main objective ofthis study will be to examine in detail the financialviability, economic competitiveness, technical feasibilityand other benefits of AFR for the cement industry. Thisreport will consider four types of AFR waste streams: a)refuse derived fuel (RDF) from municipal solid waste, b)dried sewage sludge (DSS) from wastewater treatment plants,c) agricultural waste, and d)tire derived fuel (TDF) fromscrap tires. These waste streams have been selected sincethey meet three essential criteria defined after extensiveconsultation with relevant stakeholders. Those are: 1)suitability for use by the Egyptian cement industry; 2)abundance, relative availability of data, and proximity tocement producers; and 3) current mismanagement of associatedwaste streams, leading to negative environmental and healthimpacts. Conclusions can be drawn largely on the pricedifferential between AFR and conventional fuel, which maydepend in large part onEgypt’s energy and waste managementpolicies. Expanded use of alternative fuels will be furtherstimulated by the introduction of an economic frameworkaround waste disposal and recycling.A more detailed analysisof the existing regulatory framework, future policies neededand international best practices will also be elaboratedupon. Based on the assessment of the energy situation inEgypt, the cement industry’s thermal energy needs, and thecurrent use of AFR, a realistic energy mix scenario will bedeveloped. This will also involve a comparison of theenergetic (calorific) value of the various energy sources,potential volumes available, and the cost structure. Thisstudy aims to provide a reference for the cement industry,waste processing companies, and Egyptian authorities,helping them to understand and identify responsible andsustainable approaches tothe selection and use of AFR in thecement industry in a transparent and sustainable manner.
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