This report is divided into five parts.Following this introduction, Section two provides anoverview of the institutions and most important features inthe landscape of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) at thefederal level in the United States. Section three detailedthe actual systems for performance M&E that is now inplace in the Executive Branch and coordinated (or led) bythe office of management and budget, including a look attheir evolution and expected future trends. The focus is onthe executive system, because it directly supportsmanagement and budgeting decisions, and because it providesa key basis for evaluation and research conducted by otheragencies (such as the U.S. Government Accountability Office,or GAO and Congressional Budget Office, or CBO). Sectionfour discusses the strengths and particular challenges facedby these systems, and section five concludes the report withlessons that may be useful to other countries.