This brief summarizes some of thesignificant constraints women in Middle East and NorthAfrica (MENA) face: limited labor market mobility, amismatch between skills acquired in school and what is indemand in the labor market, and legal or institutionalfactors related to cultural norms, all of which inhibit thetransition from school to work. The brief identifies variouspolicy options and outlines the World Bank's strategyfor supporting governments in achieving gender parity in theregion. Rigorous analytical work, experimental policy pilotsand lending operations with a strong gender focus all formpart of the Bank's strategy towards reducing gendergaps in economic opportunities.