The Impact of Lifetime Events onPensions : NDC Schemes in Poland, Italy, and Sweden and the Point Scheme in Germany

Chłon-Dominczak, Agnieszka ; Gó ; ra, Marek ; Kotowska, Irena E. ; Magda, Iga ; Ruzik-Sierdzinska, Anna ; Strzelecki, Paweł

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: PENSIONS;    LABOR MARKET;    GENDER GAP;    EMPLOYMENT;    LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION;   

RP-ID  :  136869

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

The paper focuses on the interruptedcareers in four countries where pensions are based onlifetime labor income, but they have different labor marketpatterns. High levels of employment in Germany and Swedenare in contrast with low levels of employment, particularlyfor women, in Italy and Poland. Career interruptions ofwomen in Italy mean early withdrawal from the labor market,while in Sweden women choose part-time employment. Loweremployment rates and gender pay gaps are important causes ofdifferences in expected pension levels. The pension systemdesign and demographics are also different. Prolongingworking lives and reducing gender gaps in employment andpay, particularly for those at risk of interrupted careers,is key to ensure decent old-age pensions