The aging of the Russian population andthe rapid shrinking of its labor force in coming decadeswill make the human capital each worker contributesincreasingly vital for sustaining economic output andgrowth. While improvements in general education arenecessary to build the foundation for a productive futurelabor force, a broad-based and effective system of adulteducation can provide second-chance opportunities forcurrent workers to enhance their productivity and lengthentheir working lives and for low-skilled immigrants to beintegrated into the workforce. How well the RussianFederation addresses these multiple needs at and beyond theworkplace will depend on how effective its adult educationsystem is. This study targeting policymakers outlines theproblems of Russias growing skills gap, especially theshortage of higher-order cognitive and socio-emotionalskills, and examines the current state of adult education.
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