Impacts of Transmission and Distribution Projects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions : Review of Methodologies and a Proposed Approach in the Context of World Bank Lending Operations

Madrigal, Marcelino ; Spalding-Fecher, Randall

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY;    ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY;    AIR;    AMOUNT OF POWER;    ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS;   

RP-ID  :  63215

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

The Strategic Framework for Developmentand Climate Change (SFDCC) approved in 2008 guides andsupports the operational response of the World Bank Group(WBG) to new development challenges posed by climate change.One activity pursued by the SFDCC is to further develop andtest methods to analyze climate risks and greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions at the project level. The SFDCC emphasizesthe need to improve GHG accounting activities at the projectlevel to understand the implications of the WorldBank's interventions. The objective of this study is tocontribute to the SFDCC goal of improving GHG accounting inthe energy sector by reviewing, assessing, and recommendingGHG accounting methodologies for electricity Transmissionand Distribution (T&D) projects. Existing methodologiesare examined to test whether they can provide simple andaccurate estimates of net project emissions. In addition,the study identifies and conceptually designs amethodological approach for T&D projects. The studyfocuses on the T&D sector due to its importance in theWorld Bank's energy lending portfolio and the lack ofcomprehensive methodologies to determine the impact of suchinterventions on GHG emissions. The study builds on existinginformation and relies on methodologies developed underdifferent climate finance mechanisms such as the CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM). The study also considers someof the fundamental principles in other accountingprocedures, such as corporate GHG accounting. Methodologiesthat have the objective of emissions accounting for climatefinance mechanisms need to have specific characteristics,such as additionality and ex post monitoring. Thesemethodologies must calculate a project's emissionsreductions or increases by estimating the project's netemissions impact.