"If it's already tough, imagine for me..." : A Qualitative Perspective on Youth Out of School and Out of Work in Brazil

Machado, Ana Luiza ; Muller, Miriam

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: YOUTH EMPLOYMENT;    INFORMALITY;    GENDER;    DROP OUT;    JOB CREATION;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-8358
RP-ID  :  WPS8358

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Drawing on in-depth interviews withyoung women and men in rural and urban Brazil, thisqualitative research explores gender dimensions in thecauses and consequences of being "out of work and outof school." A key conclusion from this research is thatthis term (or the Portuguese: "nem-nem") does nottranslate well the complex realities of this highlyheterogeneous group. The paper develops inductively from thedata a typology of these youth, who face different barriersalong their trajectories: a) barriers to buildingaspirations and internal motivation to return to school orwork, b) barriers to action, and c) external barriers.Participants' position along this spectrum is shaped bysocial context and gender norms that frame youth'strajectories and envisioned futures. These observed patternsare particularly strong in rural areas, where youth perceivefewer quality economic opportunities and stronger divisionof gender roles within the household and in farmingactivities, which keeps young women in lower paid or unpaidroles. Participants who have successful trajectories totechnical schools, universities, or formal work demonstratestrong resilience, which seems to be built on theirrelationships with their families, peers, partners, and role models.