This paper presents key findings on theinternational experience with migration, focusing on theimplications for a developing nation that is a country oforigin. The paper identifies several areas of impacts: (1)increases in wages of individual migrants; (2) remittances;(3) impacts on skills and skill formation – those leavingacquire skills to enhance ability to migrate, and thosereturning often do so with acquired skills and workexperience. Additional impacts also arise on themacroeconomy and on growth of the economy through channelslike the use of remittances as collateral, and tradeidentification and facilitation through migrants. The paperexplores the different migration regimes along the spectrumof two polar cases of purely managed and purely unmanagedmigration, and focuses on two possible aspects of managedmigration: (1) migrants’ social networks, which amplify andpropagate the initial actions on migration by the managedsystems; and (2) skills and certification systems typicallyassociated with managed systems.
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