The focus of this paper is on theinstitutions outside the executive branch that includesupreme audit institutions, legislative oversight bodies(such as parliamentary public accounts and budgetcommittees, and ombudsmen), related independent bodies, andcivil society organizations. Through their support foraccountability, donor countries and international financialinstitutions seek to help countries: promote voice andaccountability as an intrinsic human right, and improvedevelopment outcomes in terms of poverty reduction,sustainable development. The report is organized as: first,provide a brief literature review of research onaccountability, and how donors and other actors can work toimprove it, including a review of the experience of otherbilateral and multilateral donors in supporting domesticaccountability through their policies, strategies, andbehaviors as well as through direct support toaccountability actors and systems. Second, briefly reviewthe guidance prepared for Bank staff toward enhancingaccountability. Third, review some examples of theBank's experience in supporting domesticaccountability. Finally, we present some conclusions andaccountability-related questions for further analysis.