Inclusive Economic Growth in America’s Cities : What’s the Playbook and the Score?

de Souza Briggs, Xavier ; Pendall, Rolf ; Rubin, Victor

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: CIVIC PARTICIPATION;    IMMIGRANT;    RACIAL DISCRIMINATION;    WORKFORCE;    ECONOMIC GROWTH;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-7322
RP-ID  :  WPS7322

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

This paper defines economic inclusion asthe ability of all people, including the disadvantaged, toshare in economic gains, that is, the conditions that allowfor broadly shared prosperity. Beyond the “right” to accessconsumption in cities, and beyond relatively standardizedsafety net policies that support economic security,inclusion demands intentional, flexible, context-appropriatestrategies aimed at shifting the dynamics of local land andlabor markets, public education, and other institutions. Thepaper analyzes the varied contexts for designing andsupporting such strategies in a rapidly changing society,where urban regions have long been critical to incorporatinga broad cross-section of people, including immigrantnewcomers. Four dimensions are particularly crucial: anurban area’s level of economic growth, the quality of itsjobs, its demographic profile, and its geography ofopportunity (degree and form of spatial inequality).Economic inclusion is particularly urgent in America’sstrongest local markets, which are pricing out thelowest-wage workers and showing a disturbing tendency toimport rather than grow the talent needed for the emerging,innovation-driven economy. But weak-market regions faceimportant challenges—and a range of options for leveragingdemographic and other changes—as well. And for now, in alltypes of cities, innovative and promising strategies remainsmall in scale, in part because they are competing forsupport with entrenched, underperforming systems.