Over the last decade, results-basedfinancing (RBF) health programs have been implemented inseveral countries at different levels of income. Due to itsrequirement of rigorous verification of results as acondition for financing, as well as a number of accompanyingmeasures to help achieve the results, RBF has a promise ofvalue for money. RBF's potential for improving theperformance of the service delivery system has led thegovernment of Vietnam to undertake a pilot of RBF in theNghe An province as part of a World Bank funded operation.The main objective of the pilot was to experiment an RBFapproach in the Vietnam context, where public sectorproviders have been receiving budget allocation based oninputs rather than performance. A secondary objective was totest the effects of RBF in improving quality of care at thegrassroots level and in addressing the challenges ofemerging noncommunicable diseases. The intervention includedquality improvement at the district level and both qualityand quantity of services at commune health station.