Drawing on the results of recentstate-level debt management performance assessments (SNDeMPAs) in seven Nigerian states and the Federal CapitalTerritory, the paper highlights key institutional andcapacity challenges in state debt management in the contextof the Nigerian fiscal federalism system. It also provides acomparison of subnational debt management practices ofselected Nigerian and Indian states. The analysis highlightsthe important role of the central government in thesuccessful implementation of subnational debt managementfunctions within fiscally decentralized system, inparticular by: (i) establishing a sound legal framework forsubnational borrowing and defining key parameters for stateindebtedness; (ii) establishing, standardizing, andmonitoring state-level debt-management procedures, systems,and institutions; and (iii) building the capacity ofsubnational authorities along the entire cycle of debtmanagement, including for debt management strategyformulation, borrowing plans, debt contracting, recordingand reporting. While this paper focuses on state-level debtmanagement in Nigeria, it is designed to contribute to theongoing dialogue on international sound practices forsubnational debt management and implementation of fiscaldecentralization in developing countries.