Wading Out the Storm : The Role of Poverty in Exposure, Vulnerability and Resilience to Floods in Dar es Salaam

Erman, Alvina ; Tariverdi, Mercedeh ; Obolensky, Marguerite ; Chen, Xiaomeng ; Vincent, Rose Camille ; Malgioglio, Silvia ; Rentschler, Jun ; Hallegatte, Stephane ; Yoshida, Nobuo

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: FLOOD;    FLOOD RISK;    CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT;    DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT;    VULNERABILITY;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-8976
RP-ID  :  WPS8976

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Dar es Salaam is frequently affected bysevere flooding causing destruction and impeding daily lifeof its 4.5 million inhabitants. The focus of this paper ison the role of poverty in the impact of floods onhouseholds, focusing on both direct (damage to or loss ofassets or property) and indirect (losses involving health,infrastructure, labor, and education) impacts usinghousehold survey data. Poorer households are more likely tobe affected by floods; directly affected households are morelikely female-headed and have more insecure tenurearrangements; and indirectly affected households tend tohave access to poorer quality infrastructure. Focusing onthe floods of April 2018, affected households sufferedlosses of 23 percent of annual income on average.Surprisingly, poorer households are not over-representedamong the households that lost the most - even in relationto their income, possibly because 77 percent of total losseswere due to asset losses, with richer households having morevaluable assets. Although indirect losses were relativelysmall, they had significant well-being effects for theaffected households. It is estimated that households’ lossesdue to the April 2018 flood reached more than US$100million, representing between 2-4 percent of the grossdomestic product of Dar es Salaam. Furthermore, poorerhouseholds were less likely to recover from flood exposure.The report finds that access to finance play an importantrole in recovery for households.