On the Engagement of Excluded Groups in Inclusive Cities : Highlighting Good Practices and Key Challenges in the Global South

Mitlin, Diana Clare ; Satterthwaite, David

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: COMMUNITIES;    URBAN COMMUNITIES;    HOUSING UNITS;    URBANIZATION;    SLUM UPGRADING;   

RP-ID  :  103992

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

The term “inclusive cities” isincreasingly being used as a “catch-all” phrase to signifyintent but with little precision in its use. In this note weuse “inclusive cities” to mean cities in which we see acommitment to an inclusive politics with the establishmentof institutionalized interactions between organized groupsof disadvantaged citizens and the state with localgovernment taking a primary role.They are also cities inwhich governments have undertaken specific measures tosecure improved access for low-income and otherwisedisadvantaged groups to a range of essential goods andservices including secure tenure for housing, inclusion inaccess to basic services and where required approval of andsupport for housing improvements. This note begins byconsidering who is excluded and from what and how. Sevenchallenges to the achievement of more inclusive cities arediscussed: (i) lack of household income and the continuingprevalence of informal incomes; (ii) a lack of stateinvestment capacity; (iii) a lack of political will; (iv) alack of the basic data needed for identifying and addressingexclusion; (v) a lack of space for participation, especiallyby the lowest income groups; (vi) a lack of vision for whatan inclusive city means within city government; and (vii)the constraints on inclusion from city governments organizedsectorally. The note then discusses the metrics andindicators that can help inclusion and that have relevancefor the post-2015 sustainable development agenda. These arechallenges that governments and communities must tacklethrough their collective efforts. In terms of collaborationbetween groups, three particular challenges must beaddressed:(i) to avoid being partial in their efforts and soto reach out to all groups in the city through finding formsof engagement that incentivize a breadth of activitiesdrawing in all of those in need; (ii) to set up processesthat outlive specific administrations or interests and thatprovide for continuity in collaboration between civilsociety and the state in each city; and (iii) to link acrosscities and city regions. We see a need to think aboutcollaboration and joint efforts between city administrationand surrounding municipalities, as well as a need to linkexperiences and efforts across cities. This should help inensuring appropriate central government policies, regulatoryframeworks, and the redistribution of resources.