The past thirty years of conflict andpolitical unrest in Afghanistan has decimated the country’seducation system in terms of staffing, premises, curricula,and student attendance, for both male and female students.The education sector has been at the forefront of thepolitical battles and conflicts between competing interestgroups during the wars of resistance and ideological andethnic conflicts that have plagued the country over the pastfew decades (Changing Profile of Education in Afghanistan,2013). The changing political ideologies have taken a tollon the quality of education services and weakenedgovernance. The current Government is committed to tacklingissues of security, poverty reduction, governance and sharedand inclusive growth. It sees service delivery as playing adual role in Afghanistan: promoting social cohesion andtrust in public institutions, while laying the foundationfor job creation and growth. Within the context of increasedfragility that Afghanistan has been experiencing, thecurrent report aims to provide an up-to-date analysis of thecountry’s education sector, including the use of publicexpenditures spanning over the past six years. Supported byrecent administrative and household data and using theinformation from a primary survey of off-budget funding, thereport provides more insights on key aspects of theeducation system performance and provides recommendationsfor reforms along the themes of outcomes and expenditures.