Rapid urbanization in Ghana over thepast three decades has coincided with rapid GDP growth. Thishas helped to create jobs, increase human capital, decreasepoverty, and expand opportunities and improve livingconditions for millions of Ghanaians. Ghana’s urbantransformation has been momentous, but it is not unique: asimilar process has characterized other countries at similarlevels of development. Ghana’s key challenge now is toensure that urbanization continues to complement growththrough improvements in productivity and inclusion, ratherthan detracting from these goals. Many rising problems arerelated to efficiency and inclusion: these include slums,lack of basic services, underdeveloped manufacturing, andinsufficient transport infrastructure.