The climate change (CC) caused byincrease in atmospheric concentration of CO2 and otherGreenhouse Gases (GHGs), can be addressed through adaptationand mitigation strategies. Adaptation consists of strategieswhich minimize vulnerability to CC. The objective is toincrease resilience of the ecosystems and communitiesthrough adoption of specific sustainable land management(SLM) techniques that have adaptive benefits. On the otherhand, the goal of mitigation strategies is to enhance soiland vegetation (land) sinks for absorbing atmospheric CO2and to minimize net emissions. In the context of theresource-poor and small landholders of the developingcountries, adaptation to CC is essential. Adaptationstrategies are needed to enhance the positive and reduce thenegative effects of CC. Adaptation is also needed becausecomplete mitigation of CC may never occur. The strategy isto adopt those SLM technologies which have both adaptationand mitigation impacts at multiple scales (household,community, and watershed, national, global). There are fourmajor areas in the tropics and sub-tropics where adoption ofSLM technologies can help to both adapt to and mitigate CC:(i) tropical forest ecosystems (TFEs), (ii) tropicalsavannah and rangeland ecosystems (TSREs), (iii) worldcropland soils, and (iv) salinized and degraded/desertifiedlands. Nonetheless, adoption of SLM technologies in thetemperate regions (North America, Europe, Australia, Japan)is also important to adapting to CC. However, this reportfocuses on SLM options for developing countries of thetropics and sub-tropics.
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