Myanmar is a country in transition withgreat regional diversity. It is still a relatively youngcountry with the highest share of its population at activeworking age. Myanmar’s more pressing needs are thefollowing: a) reducing the incidence of poverty andimproving human development outcomes, with a particularemphasis on reaching the poor and vulnerable. Children frompoorfamilies fare worse when it comes to nutrition, andeducation outcomes; and b) addressing the insecurity ofincomes and developing mechanisms to reduce exposure torisks and ability to cope with ill-health, disasters andother shocks. This suggests a critical role for socialprotectionpolicies and programs in Myanmar’s strategy forpoverty reduction and people-centered development.