An Overview of Agricultural Pollution in Vietnam : The Crops Sector

Nguyen, Tin Hong

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: CROP PRODUCTION;    RICE;    MAIZE;    COFFEE;    FERTILIZER;   

RP-ID  :  122934

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

The “study” constitutes the totality ofthe work and includes multiple components,including nationaloverviews of agricultural pollution for the three focuscountries, thematic working papers, and an overall synthesisreport. The present report corresponds to the nationaloverview of agricultural pollution in Vietnam, andspecifically, to the background paper on crop-relatedpollution. It provides a broad national overview of (a) themagnitude, impacts, and drivers of pollution related to thecrop sector’s development; (b) measures that have been takenby the publicsector to manage or mitigate this pollution;and (c) existing knowledge gaps and directions for futureresearch.The report was prepared on the basis of a deskreview of existing literature, recentanalyses, and nationaland international statistics. It did not involve newprimaryresearch and did not attempt to cover pollutionissues that arise in crop value chainsmore broadly, outsidethe farm gate—such as from processing, transportation,andthe manufacturing of agricultural inputs and machinery.An earlier version of thereport was circulated tostakeholders representing national governmentagencies,nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and researchinstitutions, and discussedat a stakeholder consultationworkshop in December 2016.This paper is structured intoseven main sections. Section one includes the background andanalytical framework; Section two reviews theintensification and expansion of the agricultural sectorthrough various development stages, with a special focus onselected crops of rice, maize, and coffee; Section threediscusses the use of inputs in crop systems as well as wastemanagement practices, with a special focus on the use offertilizers and pesticides in the selected crops; Sectionsfour and five review thephysical and socioeconomic impacts(that is, water, soil, and air pollution and impacts onecosystems and public health); Section six discusses thedriving factors contributing and responding to agriculturalpollution; Section seven presents the solutions andknowledgegaps; and Section eight summarizes the findings and recommendations.