Guinea is a country with a richhistorical legacy, abundant natural resources, a privilegedgeographical location - and a rapidly growing population. Asuccessful political transition and the emergence of avibrant civil society have helped to ensure ethnic peace andthe absence of civil wars in the middle of a ratherconflict-ridden region. The country faces severe challengesin translating its assets and opportunities into higherincomes for its citizenry. Economic growth has been too weakand volatile to contribute to poverty reduction on asustained basis. This systematic country diagnostic (SCD)posits that two critical factors have affected Guinea’sdevelopment path since its independence in 1958. First, thecountry endured two long-lived authoritarian regimes andpolitical instability before the inception of democracy in2010. Such a legacy of attendant poor economic governanceled to mismanagement of natural resources, institutionalfragmentation of the government, a weak social contract andrule of law, and low and ineffective public investment.Second, the structure of the economy remains dependent onthe primary sectors - agriculture and mining - lackingdiversification in its sources of growth.
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