This report discusses selected issuesregarding accountability in public services. Theintroduction discusses the accountability framework thatwill be used for the report. Chapter 1 assesses SouthAfrica's progress on service access and quality, andsummarizes recent policy initiatives. Chapters 2, 3, and 4describe the international and South African experience withmechanisms that seek to improve accountability - publicsector reform, citizen report cards, and others -andposits hypotheses to be explored in the following chapters.Chapter 5 applies the World Bank's accountabilityframework to a participatory assessment of services in sixmunicipalities in South Africa. Chapters 6 and 7 apply theframework to the education and water and sanitation sectors.Chapter 8 explains why community-driven development does notfactor in any main South African development programs.Chapter 9 explains the continuing learning practicespioneered in the manufacturing sector and addresses howthese practices might be used by the South Africangovernment to effect change. Chapter 10 summarizes theconclusions, translates these into main hypotheses to betested in future work, and formulates a number of policyrecommendations for public debate.