Achieving gender equality in Colombia iscritical to the country’s future economic development andsocial cohesion; yet it remains an ongoing challenge. Thegovernment of Colombia recognizes the importance of closingthe country’s gender gaps and is working on multiple frontsto realize this objective. However, and although preliminaryfindings indicate that substantial progress has been madeover the last two decades, several challenges remain. Usingthe framework provided by the 2012 World Development Report,this assessment allows identifying the main existing gendergaps across the areas of agency, endowments and economicopportunity, and the major driving factors with regards tohouseholds, institutions and markets (chapters one, two,three, and four). Based on this diagnostic, chapter fiveprovides some policy recommendations that may help to closethe existing gender gaps.