As the birth place of fingerprintidentification and one of the first countries in LatinAmerica to establish a civil registry (CR), Argentina has along history of identification. Until 2009, however, itscivil registration and national ID systems suffered from anumber of issues, including noninteroperable civilregistries, between provinces, lack of integration betweenCR and ID systems, and slow and inefficient paper-basedprocesses. Since 2009, however, Argentina has made greatefforts to steadily enroll more than 45 million residents toestablish a robust national digital ID system. Birthregistration is now universal and 98 percent of thepopulation is in possession of a national ID card, includingmore than two million migrants. The national ID agency,RENAPER (Registro Nacional de las Personas), responded tomore than 230 million queries in 2018 from the public andprivate sector creating the foundation for a digitaleconomy. Since 2009, in the context of a federal countrywith autonomous provinces working together with the federalgovernment, with the support of the Ministry ofModernization, have implemented a series of innovativeinitiatives to create a digital one - stop shop called MiArgentina, such as digital birth and death registration,verifying "proof of life" of pension beneficiariesremotely, and offering verification services to public andprivate institutions. This was achieved through politicalcommitment at the federal and local levels sustained over 10years, public investment and legislative reforms on civilregistration, identification, and data protection, andpersonal data privacy.
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