International migration for temporaryemployment is a critical component of South Asia’sdevelopment path, from both the jobs and remittance flowsperspectives. South Asian economies are at a stage ofdemographic transition where people of working-age aregenerally still increasing shares of populations, withmillions of people entering the working-age cohort everyyear for another generation. This report focuses onBangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan - three countries in theregion sharing similar characteristics, opportunities, andchallenges when it comes to international migration. Allthree are lower-middle income countries where sizeableshares of the working age population migrate overseas.Migration has large positive effects on South Asianeconomies overall, often noted by the fact that remittancestend to be very high in relative and absolute terms. Severalof the policy actions that can be taken in the pre-migrationphase of the migration life-cycle to reduce thevulnerability of migrants will directly reduce costs andimprove access for poorer households. Reducing volatilityand improving sustainability will require sending countriesto ultimately diversify the markets where they send their workers.
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