This report is intended to provideguidance on best practices in mining licensing, based onexamples from low, middle and high income countries inAfrica, Asia, North America, and South America. It is not a'how-to guide' or a licensing implementationtoolkit, but rather identifies certain common features ofsuccessful mining licensing regimes worldwide that othernational or sub-national jurisdictions might usefullyincorporate in new mining laws and regulations or revisionsor existing ones. The case studies and other examples ofgood and bad practice are intended to provide across-section by geography and by income level, and theydemonstrate that the prevalence of good and bad practices isnot simply a function of income level. Tanzania, one of thepoorest countries in the world, has in many respects abetter licensing regime than either South Africa or the U.S.State of Wisconsin. In considering these complex issues, ithas proven difficult to confine the discussion purely toquestions of licensing. Discussion of licensing invariablyinvokes reference to overall policy and investment climateissues, environmental protection, labor law, taxation,national and sub-national jurisdiction, land tenure, andmuch more. This report makes no attempt to address all ofthese in detail but refers to them in reference to theirinteractions with and effect on, licensing itself. Far moredetailed research on mineral policy, taxation, investmentclimate, and other issues has been carried out, some of itreferred to in this report and cited in the footnotes and bibliography.
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