Aquaculture is probably thefastest-growing animal production sector in the Asia Pacificregion. Aquaculture is predicted to continue increasingproduction by optimizing and intensifying existingaquaculture practices, increasing the number and type offarms, and exploring other environments. High levels ofnutrients in effluent discharge to channels, rivers, orlakes may cause eutrophication and affect fisheriesadversely, but in other cases, depending on dilution rates,effluents may be a beneficial addition of nutrients whichboost natural productivity including fisheries. Theimportant fish farming waste components are nutrients(dissolved and particulate) resulting from the metabolism offish food (including natural food in the case of filterfeeders such as mussels and clams), uneaten food,pseudofeces (in the case of filter feeders), escapees offarmed fish affecting the genetics of wild fisheriesspecies, and residues of disease or parasite treatmentchemicals. The environmental impact can be lessened byimproved location of farms, improved farm management, or byphysical and or biological treatment of the effluent. Chinais the leading country in aquaculture production and Vietnamand the Philippines are in the top 10. Aquaculture continuesto grow in China and Vietnam but is presently declining inthe Philippines because of reduction in seaweed production.
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