This report is a synthesis of thetechnical assistance (TA) and recommendations, carried outby the World Bank water and sanitation program (WSP) sinceSeptember 2014. To achieve the target of 100 percentimproved sanitation, there is a national drive to improvefecal sludge management (FSM). This TA recognizes that toachieve the goals it is necessary to support the developmentof national FSM policies, regulations, and guidelines, whilealso improving capacity at the local level by supporting theimplementation of improved FSM models in target cities. Theobjective of the TA was to provide government with testedadvice on how to scale up improved septage managementnationwide through: (i) improvement of septage management inthree cities through the application of new managementmodels (local level); and (ii) assistance to nationalgovernment in training and capacity building and theformulation of policies and regulations to improve septagemanagement at scale (national level). This report isstructured as follows: chapter one is the executive summary;chapter two gives the background to sanitation in Indonesiaand to fecal sludge management in particular; chapter threeprovides an overview of the TA approach; chapter four givesdetails of the implementation of the TA; chapter fivesummarizes the lessons learned; and chapter six outlines therecommendations and next steps.