Scaling Up Rural Sanitation and Hygiene in Indonesia

World Bank

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: SANITATION;    WASTE;    SOCIAL NORMS;    MASS MEDIA;    E-MAIL;   

RP-ID  :  ACS18642

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

This report is a synthesis of thetechnical assistance (TA) Scaling Up Rural Sanitation andHygiene in Indonesia, carried out by the World Bank - Waterand Sanitation Program (WSP). It was developed inconsultation with the Directorate of Environmental Health,Directorate General of Public Health and Centre for HealthPromotion of the Ministry of Health (MoH) and with keyinstitutions in the focus provinces in West Java, CentralJava, East Java, Bali, and West Nusa Tenggara. Reform in therural sanitation sub-sector began in 2005 following thesuccessful introduction of Community-Led Total Sanitation(CLTS) in 6 districts. In 2007, the Water and SanitationProgram (WSP) supported the Ministry of Health (MoH) tocomplement the use of CLTS with behavior changecommunication (BCC) and development of the sanitationmarket. This new approach was piloted at scale in 28 out of29 districts in East Java Province in 2007-2011 under theTotal Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing (TSSM) TA.Impressive results were achieved in just ten months, with262 villages becoming Open Defecation Free (ODF). Inresponse, MoH adopted the district-wide approach in 2008 andlaunched a new rural sanitation development strategy calledCommunity-Based Total Sanitation (Sanitasi Total BerbasisMasyarakat) or STBM. The STBM strategy has three elements:demand creation through CLTS and BCC; supply chainimprovement through developing the local sanitation market;and creation of and enabling environment through advocacyfor local formal and informal regulations and resourcemobilization. This project was was also complementary to alarge-scale World Bank-funded program called PAMSIMAS, whichhas evolved from a project to a national platform throughwhich the government intends to reach its newly adoptedtarget of universal access to water supply and sanitation by2019. Some of the key resultsand achievements are asfollows : i) Well-functioning STBM Secretariat set up toco-ordinate STBM implementation nationwide, ii) Localgovernment capacity in implementing STBM through demandcreation, supply improvement and enabling environmentincreased, and iii) More effective STBM implementation atprovincial and district Level.Some of the lesson learned:i) A capacity building framework to strengthen institutionsat all levels is key for scaling up in a decentralizedenvironment; ii) Well-crafted advocacy and communicationsare valuable for disseminating tested approaches andfacilitating their adoption at scale; iii) Engagement of arange of institutions also strengthens campaign outreach;iv) An effective monitoring system is invaluable and it useshould be formally integrated into the routine operations ofgovernment agencies; v) Local government can help to developthe rural sanitation market; and vi) The scaling up testedapproaches can be enhanced greatly through theirincorporation into established programmes.