Regulatory reform has emerged as animportant policy area in developing countries. For reformsto be beneficial, regulatory regimes need to be transparent,coherent, and comprehensive. They must establish appropriateinstitutional frameworks and liberalized businessregulations; enforce competition policy and law; and openexternal and internal markets to trade and investment. Thisreport analyses the institutional set-up and use ofregulatory policy instruments in Rwanda. It is one of fivereports prepared on countries in East and Southern Africa(the others are on Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Zambia), andrepresents an attempt to apply assessment tools and theframework developed by the Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development (OECD) in its work on regulatorycapacity and performance to developing countries.