Rural Out-Migration and Family Life in Cities in Mongolia

Shi, Anqing

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: ACCESS TO EDUCATION;    ACCESS TO MARKETS;    ADULT POPULATION;    AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION;    AIR POLLUTION;   

RP-ID  :  65159

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

There is a growing concern among policymakers and the international development community about therapid concentration of migrants in the capital city ofUlaanbaatar (UB) and its social, economic, and environmentalconsequences (UNDP, 2003).These concerns call for a goodunderstanding of the nature of migration in Mongolia and itsimpacts on the life of migrants. Using the 2007-08 HouseholdEconomic and Social Survey of Mongolia, this paper aims to:(a) document the characteristics of recent internalmigration in Mongolia; and (b) assess the livelihoods ofrural-to-urban migrants in comparison to those staying inrural areas as well as to local urban residents.Theanalysis in this paper suggests that rural out-migration isnegatively correlated with the chance of falling intopoverty.For those who did not migrate from rural areas,their poverty incidence was much higher, and theirconsumption level much lower, than that of rural-to-urbanmigrants.However, not all urban destinations are equal:there is a large discrepancy in livelihoods between thosemoving to aimag centers versus those moving the UB.Thepoverty incidence of rural migrant families moving intoaimag centers was 33 percent, whereas 24 percent for thosemigrant families moving into UB.