The objective of this study is toprovide a long-term perspective for the ongoing policydialogue on the management of labor migration in Europe andthe Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. It isorganized as follows. Chapter one puts the report andmigration in the context of the economic and socialdevelopment in MENA countries. Chapter two provides thehistorical context of MENA migration patterns and anoverview of the presence and skill characteristics ofmigrants in Organization for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment (OECD) countries today. This chapter alsodiscusses the potential for insourcing, that is, migrationof jobs into the region as an alternative or complement tolabor migration. Chapter three analyzes the demand andsupply framework for migration, the determinants ofmigration patterns, and the potential demand for labor inthe European Union (EU), and the characteristics and trendsof MENA labor supply. Chapter four looks to the worldwideimpact of demographic and labor force developments in thedecades ahead and their implications on labor and jobmobility. The chapter analyzes the likely population andlabor force growth in Europe and MENA, the challenges thisgrowth poses, and the scope for demographic arbitragebetween the two regions. This chapter provides the basis forthe fifth and concluding chapter. Chapter five covers theinstitutional setup and the various economic and socialprotection policies and practices worldwide that have astrong and positive bearing on migration flows and presentsa conceptual framework on both the labor and job sending andreceiving sides that can be used by policy makers toarticulate, defend, and implement a collaborative approachto the challenges ahead.
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