Agriculture is critical for sustainabledevelopment and poverty reduction, and agricultural growthcan be a powerful means for inclusive growth. Uganda'ssuccess in using agriculture for development and inclusivegrowth will depend on a variety of factors, some of whichare within the sector, some are cross-cutting and general tothe economy, and some are outside Uganda's sphere ofinfluence, such as the global and regional price developmentof agricultural commodities. This policy note focuses onthose factors that Ugandan policymakers can influence, bothwithin and outside the direct mandate of agriculturalpolicymakers. The key policy question in the Ugandan contextis how to shift as many farmers as possible out ofsubsistence agriculture into commercial agriculture. Duringthe past two decades, a diverse array of initiatives haspromoted the commercialization of smallholder agriculture inUganda. This policy note presents major interventions neededto accelerate agricultural commercialization. This policynote is part of the larger analytical work carried out bythe World Bank on inclusive growth in Uganda. It thereforefeeds into that larger effort. This note does not deal withmigration from rural to urban areas because that topic iscovered in other notes.