Cities today face an unprecedented riskof natural hazards compounded by serious governancechallenges. How can cities ensure that in buildingresilience, they address the needs of those most at risk ofbeing excluded? How can they develop strategies thatsimultaneously foster resilient infrastructure and socialinclusion? This note focuses on urban floods—one of the mostpervasive forms of disasters that strike cities—andillustrates who may be left behind, and how building cityresilience and social inclusion can work together. It isintended to stimulate thought and debate, and to lead theway for a more in-depth analysis of the problems andsolutions, and towards more effective and sustainable city resilience.