Many developing countries have investedsubstantial resources in expanding their primary andsecondary education systems, resulting in large gains in thenumber of students completing basic education. However, inmany countries this growth has outpaced the ability ofeducation ministries to effectively monitor the quality oftheir schools. This has resulted in limited progress inimproving teacher attendance in the classroom and hasresulted in limited learning time and poor learningoutcomes. Results-based financing (RBF) has been used in toaddress these challenges by creating stronger incentives toachieve better results. The World Bank provided technicalassistance to the ministry of education of Mozambique todesign and implement a pilot to assess the effectiveness ofperformance-based school grants in 552 primary schools. Arigorous impact evaluation should be implemented to monitorthe program’s effectiveness in securing desired education results.