The decision tree offers a costeffective, scientifically sound, replicable, and transparentmethod for demonstrating the robustness of a developmentproject in the face of the risks posed by climate change,natural hazards, and other factors. The framework is mosteffective when a wide range of risks must be considered, asis typically the case with high-value hydropowerinvestments. In order to gain maximum benefit from theframework, it should be conducted at both project and basinscale, first to answer questions immediately relevant toinvestors and then to provide perspective on alternativeinvestment portfolios that may yield greater returns.