This Education Note concerns educationsystems in countries at all levels of developmentincreasingly need to manage the challenges of crisis,conflict, and violence. For more than 40 years, researchinto resilience has sought to understand how positiveoutcomes, such as mental and physical health, positiveinterpersonal relations, socially acceptable behavior,academic success, etc., can result across a wide range ofadverse conditions. In the field of education, resiliencestudies provide evidence that many students succeedacademically despite adverse economic conditions,homelessness and transitory situations, violence, andconflict-affected social exclusion. Resilience matters ineducation because learning and school success are not onlypossible in spite of adversity, but also education can bethe vehicle to overcome it.