This note provides guidance togovernments and investors on how best to support thedevelopment and transfer of technologies to localsmallholders and communities. New technology can help boostproduction and productivity in the agriculture sector and,given the growing global demand forfood and fiber and thelimits of natural resources, has the potential tosubstantially raise incomes for smallholders and ruralcommunities. Improving mechanisms to increase thetransmission and adoption of technologies is important forbuilding technological capability in developingcountries.The importation and adoption of productivity-enhancingtechnologies in part depends on investors’ support andtraining efforts but ultimately will fail if localsmallholders acting as partners in the value chain do notachieve gains that warrant the embrace and use of technology.