Energy-Water Nexus: The Water Sector’s Energy Use

Copeland, Claudia

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service.

关键词: Energy;    Hydroelectric power;    Waste water;    Water pollution;    Water law and legislation;   

RP-ID  :  R43200
RP-ID  :  R43200_2014Dec01

美国|英语

来源: UNT Digital Library

【 摘 要 】

This report provides background on energy for facilities that treat and deliver water to end users and also dispose of and discharge wastewater. Energy use for water is a function of many variables, including water source (surface water pumping typically requires less energy than groundwater pumping), treatment (high ambient quality raw water requires less treatment than brackish or seawater), intended end-use, distribution (water pumped long distances requires more energy), amount of water loss in the system through leakage and evaporation, and level of wastewater treatment (stringency of water quality regulations to meet discharge standards).