Crash Models for Advanced Automotive Batteries: A Review of the Current State of the Art

Turner, John A.¹  Allu, Srikanth¹  Gorti, Sarma B.¹  Kalnaus, Sergiy¹  Kumar, Abhishek¹  Lebrun-Grandie, Damien T.¹  Pannala, Sreekanth²  Simunovic, Srdjan¹  Slattery, Stuart R.¹  Wang, Hsin¹ 

[1] Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States);Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), Houston, TX (United States)

关键词: modeling;    simulation;    energy storage;    batteries;    Li-ion;    coupled physics;    electrochemistry;    mechanics;   

DOI  :  10.2172/1302885
RP-ID  :  ORNL/TM--2015/366
PID  :  OSTI ID: 1302885
Others  :  Other: 453040170

学科分类：航空航天科学

美国|英语

来源: SciTech Connect

【 摘 要 】

Safety is a critical aspect of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery design. Impact/crash conditions can trigger a complex interplay of mechanical contact, heat generation and electrical discharge, which can result in adverse thermal events. The cause of these thermal events has been linked to internal contact between the opposite electrodes, i.e. internal short circuit. The severity of the outcome is influenced by the configuration of the internal short circuit and the battery state. Different loading conditions and battery states may lead to micro (soft) shorts where material burnout due to generated heat eliminates contact between the electrodes, or persistent (hard) shorts which can lead to more significant thermal events and potentially damage the entire battery system and beyond. Experimental characterization of individual battery components for the onset of internal shorts is limited, since it is impractical to canvas all possible variations in battery state of charge, operating conditions, and impact loading in a timely manner. This report provides a survey of modeling and simulation approaches and documents a project initiated and funded by DOT/NHTSA to improve modeling and simulation capabilities in order to design tests that provide leading indicators of failure in batteries. In this project, ORNL has demonstrated a computational infrastructure to conduct impact simulations of Li-ion batteries using models that resolve internal structures and electro-thermo-chemical and mechanical conditions. Initial comparisons to abuse experiments on cells and cell strings conducted at ORNL and Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) at Carderock MD for parameter estimation and model validation have been performed. This research has provided insight into the mechanisms of deformation in batteries (both at cell and electrode level) and their relationship to the safety of batteries.