Association of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Gene Polymorphisms With Susceptibility to Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Exploratory Analysis of Apical Periodontitis

International Journal of Dentistry

卷:2026

Review Article

Imran Hossain^1,2  Md. Saifuddin Molla³  Fatema-Tuz- Zohora¹ 

[1] Department of Statistics and Data Science, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh, juniv.edu

[2] Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh, uap-bd.edu

[3] Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, du.ac.bd

关键词: apical periodontitis;    glutathione S-transferase;    GSTM1;    GSTP1;    GSTT1;    meta-analysis;    periodontitis;   

DOI  :  10.1155/ijod/4035228

 received in 2026-02-03, accepted in 2026-06-30,  发布年份 2026

来源: Hindawi Publishing Corporation

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundPeriodontitis is an inflammatory condition in which oxidative stress significantly contributes to tissue damage. Genetic polymorphisms in antioxidant enzymes, particularly glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1), may influence an individual’s susceptibility to periodontal inflammatory conditions, including periodontitis and apical periodontitis (AP). However, prior studies have reported inconsistent results. Accordingly, this study evaluates the association between GST polymorphisms and periodontitis susceptibility, while also incorporating AP in an exploratory framework.MethodsEight case–control studies were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effects model due to high heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were conducted by genotype, disease type, and ethnicity, along with exploratory pooled analyses combining periodontitis and AP. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS).ResultsExploratory pooled analyses indicated that the GSTM1 null genotype was associated with increased risk (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.07–7.56, p =0.04), whereas no significant association was identified in analyses restricted to periodontitis. In contrast, the GSTT1 null genotype and GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism were not associated with periodontitis in either overall or subgroup analyses. The combined GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotype demonstrated a markedly elevated risk in the exploratory analysis (OR = 7.38, 95% CI: 1.69–32.19, p =0.008), but this association was not evident in the periodontitis-only subgroup. Significant associations were primarily driven by the AP subgroup, while results for periodontitis alone were inconsistent.ConclusionsGSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms may contribute to susceptibility to oral inflammatory conditions, particularly AP, whereas the evidence for periodontitis remains inconclusive. The findings highlight the potential role of compromised antioxidant defenses in disease pathogenesis. These results must be interpreted with caution as there was considerable heterogeneity and a small number of studies. Larger studies are required to validate these findings and elucidate possible mechanisms.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
Copyright © 2026 Imran Hossain et al. International Journal of Dentistry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2026

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