The effects of initial conditions and takeoff technique on running jumps for height and distance

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS

卷:44

Article

Wilson, Cassie²  King, Mark A.¹  Yeadon, Maurice R.¹ 

[1] Univ Loughborough, Sch Sport Exercise & Hlth Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England

[2] Univ Bath, Dept Hlth, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England

关键词: Running jumps;    Initial conditions;    Takeoff technique;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.06.010

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

This study used a subject-specific model with eight segments driven by joint torques for forward dynamics simulation to investigate the effects of initial conditions and takeoff technique on the performance of running jumps for height and distance. The torque activation profiles were varied in order to obtain matching simulations for two jumping performances (one for height and one for distance) by an elite male high jumper, resulting in a simulated peak height of 1.98 m and a simulated horizontal distance of 4.38 m. The peak height reached/horizontal distance travelled by the mass centre for the same corresponding initial conditions were then maximised by varying the activation timings resulting in a peak height of 2.09 m and a horizontal distance of 4.67 m. In a further two optimizations the initial conditions were interchanged giving a peak height of 1.82 m and a horizontal distance of 4.04 m. The four optimised simulations show that even with similar approach speeds the initial conditions at touchdown have a substantial effect on the resulting performance. Whilst the takeoff phase is clearly important, unless the approach phase and the subsequent touchdown conditions are close to optimal then a jumper will be unable to compensate for touchdown condition shortcomings during the short takeoff phase to achieve a performance close to optimum. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

Free