Drug diffusivities in nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel by combined time-resolved Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

卷:334

Article

Zini, Jacopo¹  Kekkonen, Jere²  Kaikkonen, Ville A.³  Laaksonen, Timo¹  Keranen, Pekka²  Talala, Tuomo²  Makynen, Anssi J.³  Yliperttula, Marjo¹  Nissinen, Ilkka² 

[1] Univ Helsinki, Fac Pharm, Div Pharmaceut Biosci, Drug Res Program, Helsinki 00014, Finland

[2] Univ Oulu, Circuits & Syst Res Unit, Oulu 90014, Finland

[3] Univ Oulu, Optoelect & Measurement Tech Res Unit, Oulu 90014, Finland

关键词: Raman;    Fluorescence;    Drug diffusion;    Label-free;    Real-time;    Nanofibrillated cellulose hydrogel;    Anionic nanofibrillated cellulose hydrogel;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.04.032

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Hydrogels, natural and synthetic origin, are actively studied for their use for implants and payload carriers. These biomaterials for delivery systems have enormous potential in basic biomedical research, drug development, and long-term delivery of biologics. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) hydrogels, both natural and anionic (ANFC) ones, allow drug loading for immediate and controlled release via the slow drug dissolution of solid drug crystals into hydrogel and its subsequent release. This property makes NFC originated hydrogels an interesting non-toxic and non-human origin material as drug reservoir for long-term controlled release formulation or implant for patient care. A compelling tool for studying NFC hydrogels is Raman spectroscopy, which enables to resolve the chemical structures of different molecules in a high-water content like hydrogels, since Raman spectroscopy is insensitive to water molecules. That offers real time investigation of label-free drugs and their release in high-water-content media. Despite the huge potential of Raman spectroscopy in bio-pharmaceutical applications, the strong fluorescence background of many drug samples masking the faint Raman signal has restricted the widespread use of it. In this study we used a Raman spectrometer capable of suppressing the unpleasant fluorescence background by combining a pulsed laser and time-resolved complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) singlephoton avalanche diode (SPAD) line sensor for the label-free investigation of Metronidazole and Vitamin C diffusivities in ANFC. The results show the possibility to modulate the ANFC-based implants and drug delivery systems, when the release rate needs to be set to a desired value. More importantly, the now developed label free real-time method is universal and can be adapted to any hydrogel/drug combination for producing reliable drug diffusion coefficient data in complex and heterogeneous systems, where traditional sampling-based methods are cumbersome to use. The wide temporal range of the time-resolved CMOS SPAD sensors makes it possible to capture also the fluorescence decay of samples, giving rise to a combined time-resolved Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy, which provides additional information on the chemical, functional and structural changes in samples.

【 授权许可】

Free