The role of neutrophils in host defense and disease

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

卷:145

Article

Lehman, Heather K.¹  Segal, Brahm H.² 

[1] Univ Buffalo, Jacobs Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Pediat, Div Allergy Immunol & Rheumatol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA

[2] Univ Buffalo, Roswell Park Comprehens Canc Ctr, 665 Elm St, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA

关键词: Neutrophils;    neutrophil extracellular traps;    granulopoiesis;    innate immunity;    phagocytosis;    degranulation;    neutrophil dysfunction;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jaci.2020.02.038

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocyte, are critical for host defense. Granulopoiesis is under the control of transcriptional factors and culminates in mature neutrophils with a broad armamentarium of antimicrobial pathways. These pathways include nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, which generates microbicidal reactive oxidants, and nonoxidant pathways that target microbes through several mechanisms. Activated neutrophils can cause or worsen tissue injury, underscoring the need for calibration of activation and resolution of inflammation when infection has been cleared. Acquired neutrophil disorders are typically caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy or immunosuppressive agents. Primary neutrophil disorders typically result from disabling mutations of individual genes that result in impaired neutrophil number or function, and provide insight into basic mechanisms of neutrophil biology. Neutrophils can also be activated by noninfectious causes, including trauma and cellular injury, and can have off-target effects in which pathways that typically defend against infection exacerbate injury and disease. These off-target effects include acute organ injury, autoimmunity, and variable effects on the tumor microenvironment that can limit or worsen tumor progression. A greater understanding of neutrophil plasticity in these conditions is likely to pave the way to new therapeutic approaches.

【 授权许可】

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