Modeling Tissue Polarity in Context

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

卷:430

Review

Tharp, Kevin M.¹  Weaver, Valerie M.^1,2,3,4 

[1] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Surg, Ctr Bioengn & Tissue Regenerat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA

[2] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA

[3] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, Eli & Edythe Broad Ctr Regenerat Med & Stem Cell, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA

[4] Univ Calif San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehens Canc Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA

关键词: polarity;    polarized tissue;    microfluidics;    cellular mechanics;    mechanobiology;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.015

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Polarity is critical for development and tissue-specific function. However, the acquisition and maintenance of tissue polarity is context dependent. Thus, cell and tissue polarity depend on cell adhesion which is regulated by the cytoskeleton and influenced by the biochemical composition of the extracellular microenvironment and modified by biomechanical cues within the tissue. These biomechanical cues include fluid flow induced shear stresses, cell-density and confinement-mediated compression, and cellular actomyosin tension intrinsic to the tissue or induced in response to morphogens or extracellular matrix stiffness. Here, we discuss how extracellular matrix stiffness and fluid flow influence cell cell and cell extracellular matrix adhesion and alter cytoskeletal organization to modulate cell and tissue polarity. We describe model systems that when combined with state of the art molecular screens and high-resolution imaging can be used to investigate how force modulates cell and tissue polarity. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

【 授权许可】

Free