期刊论文详细信息
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 卷:541
Sizing a rainwater harvesting cistern by minimizing costs
Article
Pelak, Norman1  Porporato, Amilcare1,2 
[1] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Room 121,Hudson Hall,Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708 USA
[2] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Environm Hall,9 Circuit Dr,Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA
关键词: Rainwater harvesting;    Optimal size;    Cost minimization;    Sustainable water use;   
DOI  :  10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.08.036
来源: Elsevier
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【 摘 要 】

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has the potential to reduce water-related costs by providing an alternate source of water, in addition to relieving pressure on public water sources and reducing stormwater runoff. Existing methods for determining the optimal size of the cistern component of a RWH system have various drawbacks, such as specificity to a particular region, dependence on numerical optimization, and/or failure to consider the costs of the system. In this paper a formulation is developed for the optimal cistern volume which incorporates the fixed and distributed costs of a RWH system while also taking into account the random nature of the depth and timing of rainfall, with a focus on RWH to supply domestic, nonpotable uses. With rainfall inputs modeled as a marked Poisson process, and by comparing the costs associated with building a cistern with the costs of externally supplied water, an expression for the optimal cistern volume is found which minimizes the water-related costs. The volume is a function of the roof area, water use rate, climate parameters, and costs of the cistern and of the external water source. This analytically tractable expression makes clear the dependence of the optimal volume on the input parameters. An analysis of the rainfall partitioning also characterizes the efficiency of a particular RWH system configuration and its potential for runoff reduction. The results are compared to the RWH system at the Duke Smart Home in Durham, NC, USA to show how the method could be used in practice. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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