Towards more thermally stable Li-ion battery electrolytes with salts and solvents sharing nitrile functionality

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES

卷:332

Article

Kerner, Manfred¹  Lim, Du-Hyun¹  Jeschke, Steffen¹  Rydholm, Tomas¹  Ahn, Jou-Hyeon^2,3  Scheers, Johan¹ 

[1] Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden

[2] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju 52828, South Korea

[3] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Res Inst Green Energy Convergence Technol, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju 52828, South Korea

关键词: Li-ion battery;    High flashpoint electrolytes;    LiTDI;    LiDCTA;    Sulfolane;    Adiponitrile;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.101

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

The overall safety of Li-ion batteries is compromised by the state-of-the-art electrolytes; the thermally unstable lithium salt, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), and flammable carbonate solvent mixtures. The problem is best addressed by new electrolyte compositions with thermally robust salts in low flammability solvents. In this work we introduce electrolytes with either of two lithium nitrile salts, lithium 4,5-dicyano-1,2,3-triazolate (LiDCTA) or lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-trifluoromethylimidazolide (LiTDI), in solvent mixtures with high flashpoint adiponitrile (ADN), as the main component. With sulfolane (SL) and ethylene carbonate (EC) as co-solvents the liquid temperature range of the electrolytes are extended to lower temperatures without lowering the flashpoint, but at the expense of high viscosities and moderate ionic conductivities. The anodic stabilities of the electrolytes are sufficient for LiFePO4 cathodes and can be charged/discharged for 20 cycles in Li/LiFePO4 cells with coulombic efficiencies exceeding 99% at best. The excellent thermal stabilities of the electrolytes with the solvent combination ADN:SL are promising for future electrochemical investigations at elevated temperatures (> 60 degrees C) to compensate the moderate transport properties and rate capability. The electrolytes with EC as a co-solvent, however, release CO2 by decomposition of EC in presence of a lithium salt, which potentially makes EC unsuitable for any application targeting higher operating temperatures. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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