Implicit and explicit categorization: A tale of four species

NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS

卷:36

Review

Smith, J. David¹  Berg, Mark E.²  Cook, Robert G.³  Murphy, Matthew S.³  Crossley, Matthew. J.⁴  Boomer, Joseph¹  Spiering, Brian⁵  Beran, Michael J.⁶  Church, Barbara A.¹  Ashby, F. Gregory⁴  Grace, Randolph C.⁷ 

[1] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Psychol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA

[2] Richard Stockton Coll New Jersey, Dept Psychol, Galloway, NJ 08205 USA

[3] Tufts Univ, Dept Psychol, Medford, MA 02155 USA

[4] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[5] Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[6] Georgia State Univ, Language Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA

[7] Univ Canterbury, Dept Psychol, Christchurch 1, New Zealand

关键词: Category learning;    Cognitive neuroscience;    Implicit/explicit cognition;    Primate cognition;    Comparative cognition;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.09.003

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Categorization is essential for survival, and it is a widely studied cognitive adaptation in humans and animals. An influential neuroscience perspective differentiates in humans an explicit, rule-based categorization system from an implicit system that slowly associates response outputs to different regions of perceptual space. This perspective is being extended to study categorization in other vertebrate species, using category tasks that have a one-dimensional, rule-based solution or a two-dimensional, information-integration solution. Humans, macaques, and capuchin monkeys strongly dimensionalize perceptual stimuli and learn rule-based tasks more quickly. In sharp contrast, pigeons learn these two tasks equally quickly. Pigeons represent a cognitive system in which the commitment to dimensional analysis and category rules was not strongly made. Their results may reveal the character of the ancestral vertebrate categorization system from which that of primates emerged. The primate results establish continuity with human cognition, suggesting that nonhuman primates share aspects of humans' capacity for explicit cognition. The emergence of dimensional analysis and rule learning could have been an important step in primates' cognitive evolution. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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