24 h urinary free cortisol in large-scale epidemiological studies: Short-term and long-term stability and sources of variability

PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

卷:47

Article

Rosmalen, Judith G. M.¹  Kema, Ido P.²  Wuest, Stefan⁶  Visser, Sipke T.³  Snieder, Harold⁴  Bakker, Stephan J. L.⁵ 

[1] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Interdisciplinary Ctr Psychopathol & Emot Regulat, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands

[2] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Lab Med, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands

[3] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Unit PharmacoEpidemiol & PharmacoEcon, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands

[4] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Epidemiol, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands

[5] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Internal Med, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands

[6] Univ Regensburg, Inst Expt Psychol, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany

关键词: Urinary cortisol;    24-h UFC;    Epidemiology;    General population;    Stability;    Variability;    Urine volume;    Glomerular filtration rate;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.04.018

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Background: Function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been associated with several somatic and psychiatric health problems. The amount of free cortisol excreted in the urine during 24 h (24-h UFC) has often been used as a proxy for HPA-axis function. Reference values for 24-h UFC and their stability in the short and long term, as well as sources of variability, are largely lacking. Methods: This study was performed in a general population cohort. Participants collected 24-h UFC on two consecutive days (T1), and repeated this collection approximately 2 years later (T2). Cortisol in urine was measured using LC-MS/MS. Height and weight were measured at the research facilities; glomerular filtration rate was estimated using creatinine clearance. Psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire), smoking, alcohol use and exercise were measured by means of questionnaires. Results: 24-h UFC stability on a day-to-day basis was 0.69 (T1, N = 1192) and 0.72 (T2, N = 963) (both p < 0.001). Long-term stability as indicated by correlation between 2-day averages of T1 and T2 was 0.60 (N = 972, p < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that 24-h UFC was predicted by urine volume (standardized beta 0.282 (T1, N = 1556) and 0.276 (T2, N = 1244); both p < 0.001) and glomerular filtration rate (standardized beta 0.137 (T1) and 0.179 (T2); both p < 0.001), while also sex explained a small part (standardized beta for female sex -0.057 (T1) and -0.080 (T2); both p < 0.05). Conclusion: 24-h UFC is moderately stable both in the short and the long term. The effects of urine volume and glomerular filtration rate on 24-h UFC are much stronger than those of sex. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

Free