Timing matters: Long term effects of adversities from prenatal period up to adolescence on adolescents' cortisol stress response. The TRAILS study

PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

卷:37

Article

Bosch, Nienke M.^1,2  Riese, Harriette^1,2,3  Reijneveld, Sijmen A.⁴  Bakker, Martin P.⁵  Verhulst, Frank C.⁶  Ormel, Johan^1,2  Oldehinkel, Albertine J.^1,2 

[1] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Grad Sch Med Sci, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands

[2] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Interdisciplinary Ctr Pathol Emot, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands

[3] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Epidemiol, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands

[4] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Hlth Sci, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands

[5] PIONN Bur Practice Based Res & Innovat Youth Care, NL-9400 AC Assen, Netherlands

[6] Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp, Erasmus Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands

关键词: Adolescents;    Cortisol;    Psychosocial stress test;    Timing of stress exposure;    Sensitive periods;    Prenatal stress;    Childhood adversity;    HPA-axis;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.01.013

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Objective: Altered cortisol response is a vulnerability marker for a variety of stress-related diseases and psychiatric disorders. Childhood adversity has been shown to modify this response, but evidence is inconsistent. Effects may differ depending on the timing of exposure, or due to the interplay between pre/postnatal adversity and later adversities. The present study examined the influence of adversity during different timeframes (pre/postnatal, ages 0-5, 6-11, 12-13, 14-15 years), and the interaction between pre/postnatal and later adversity on adolescents' cortisol stress response. Method: Four salivary cortisol samples were collected before and after a social stress test in 471 16-year-old adolescents from the longitudinal study TRAILS. Data on pre/postnatal exposure to adversities were obtained from Preventive Child Healthcare records and parental reports, subsequent adversities from parental and self-reports. Results: Pre/postnatal adversity was associated with increased cortisol reactivity. Adversities during ages 0-5 were not associated with cortisol outcomes. Adversities during ages 6-11 were associated with a high cortisol level, especially in those exposed to pre/postnatal adversity, while adversities during ages 12-13 and 14-15 were associated with a low cortisol level. Conclusions: Results highlight the importance to take the timing of stress exposure into account. In addition to programming effects, pre/postnatal adversity interacts with childhood adversity in producing deviant cortisol levels. Puberty may be marked by a transition in how adversities affect the HPA-axis, with cortisol hypersecretion before age 11 and hyposecretion after age 11. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

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