The role and application of ion beam analysis for studies of plasma-facing components in controlled fusion devices

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS

卷:371

Article; Proceedings Paper

Rubel, Marek^1,2  Petersson, Per^1,2  Alves, Eduardo^1,3  Brezinsek, Sebastijan^1,4  Coad, Joseph Paul¹  Heinola, Kalle^1,6  Mayer, Matej^1,7  Widdowson, Anna¹  Abhangi, M.⁴⁰  Abreu, P.⁴⁶  Aftanas, M.⁴³  Afzal, M.⁵  Aggarwal, K. M.²⁶  Aho-Mantila, L.¹⁰⁰  Ahonen, E.⁸  Aints, M.⁹⁶  Airila, M.¹⁰⁰  Albanese, R.⁹⁴  Alegre, D.⁵²  Alessi, E.³⁹  Aleynikov, P.⁴⁸  Alfier, A.¹³  Alkseev, A.⁶¹  Allan, P.⁵  Almaviva, S.⁸⁵  Alonso, A.⁵²  Alper, B.⁵  Alsworth, I.⁵  Alves, D.⁴⁶  Ambrosino, G.⁹⁴  Ambrosino, R.⁹⁵  Amosov, V.⁷⁸  Andersson, F.¹⁷  Andersson Sunden, E.²¹  Angelone, M.⁸⁰  Anghel, A.⁷⁵  Anghel, M.⁷⁴  Angioni, C.⁵⁵  Appel, L.⁵  Apruzzese, G.⁸⁰  Arena, P.²⁷  Ariola, M.⁹⁵  Arnichand, H.¹⁰  Arnoux, G.⁵  Arshad, S.³⁶  Ash, A.⁵  Asp, E.²¹  Asunta, O.⁸  Atanasiu, C. V.⁷⁵  Austin, Y.⁵  Avotina, L.⁹³  Axton, M. D.⁵  Ayres, C.⁵  Bachmann, C.³¹  Baciero, A.⁵²  Baiao, D.⁴⁶  Bailescu, V.⁷⁷  Baiocchi, B.¹⁰  Baker, A.⁵  Baker, R. A.⁵  Balboa, I.⁵  Balden, M.⁵⁵  Balshaw, N.⁵  Bament, R.⁵  Banks, J. W.⁵  Baranov, Y. F.⁵  Barlow, I. L.⁵  Barnard, M. A.⁵  Barnes, D.⁵  Barnsley, R.⁴⁸  Baron Wiechec, A.⁵  Baruzzo, M.¹³  Basiuk, V.¹⁰  Bassan, M.⁴⁸  Bastow, R.⁵  Batista, A.⁴⁶  Batistoni, P.⁸⁰  Bauer, R.³¹  Bauvir, B.⁴⁸  Bazylev, B.⁵⁰  Beal, J.⁹⁸  Beaumont, P. S.⁵  Becoulet, A.¹⁰  Bednarczyk, P.⁴²  Bekris, N.³²  Beldishevski, M.⁵  Bell, K.⁵  Belli, F.⁸⁰  Bellinger, M.⁵  Belo, J. K.⁵  Belo, P.^5,46  Belonohy, E.⁵⁵  Benterman, N. A.⁵  Bergsaker, H.³⁷  Bernardo, J.⁴⁶  Bernert, M.⁵⁵  Berry, M.⁵  Bertalot, L.⁴⁸  Beurskens, M. N. A.⁵  Bieg, B.⁴²  Bielecki, J.⁴²  Biewer, T.⁶²  Bigi, M.¹³  Bilkova, P.⁴³  Binda, F.²¹  Bizarro, J. P. S.⁴⁶  Bjorkas, C.⁹¹  Blackman, K.⁵  Blackman, T. R.⁵  Blanchard, P.²⁹  Blanco, E.⁵²  Blatchford, P.⁵  Bobkov, V.⁵⁵  Boboc, A.⁵  Bodnar, G.¹⁰¹  Bogar, O.¹⁹  Bolzonella, T.¹³  Boncagni, L.⁸⁰  Bonham, R.⁵  Bonheure, G.⁵³  Boom, J.⁵⁵  Booth, J.⁵  Borba, D.^32,46  Borodin, D.³⁵  Botrugno, A.⁸⁰  Boulbe, C.⁵¹  Boulting, P.⁵  Bovert, K. 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[1] Culham Sci Ctr, JET, EUROfus Consortium, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England

[2] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Fus Plasma Phys, Teknikringen 31, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden

[3] Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal

[4] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Klima & Energieforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany

[5] Culham Sci Ctr, CCFE, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England

[6] Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland

[7] Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85478 Garching, Germany

[8] Aalto Univ, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland

[9] BCS, Barcelona, Spain

[10] IRFM, CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France

[11] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

[12] Consorzio CREATE, I-80125 Naples, Italy

[13] Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy

[14] Daegu Univ, Gyongsan 712174, Gyeongbuk, South Korea

[15] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain

[16] Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

[17] Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Earth & Space Sci, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden

[18] Univ Cagliari, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, I-09123 Cagliari, Italy

[19] Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, Dept Expt Phys, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia

[20] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Glasgow G4 ONG, Lanark, Scotland

[21] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden

[22] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden

[23] KTH, SCI, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[24] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England

[25] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England

[26] Queens Univ, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland

[27] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr Elettr & Sistemi, I-95125 Catania, Italy

[28] Dublin City Univ, Dublin, Ireland

[29] CRPP, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

[30] CNRS, UMR 7648, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France

[31] EUROfus Programme Management Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[32] Culham Sci Ctr, EUROfus Programme Management Unit, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England

[33] European Commiss, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium

[34] FOM Inst DIFFER, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands

[35] Forsch Zentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany

[36] Fus Energy Joint Undertaking, Barcelona 08019, Spain

[37] KTH, EES, Fus Plasma Phys, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden

[38] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 85608 USA

[39] IFP CNR, I-20125 Milan, Italy

[40] Inst Plasma Res, Gandhinagar 382428G, Gujarat, India

[41] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria

[42] Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfus, PL-01497 Warsaw, Poland

[43] Inst Plasma Phys AS CR, Prague 182 00 8, Czech Republic

[44] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China

[45] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil

[46] Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, Inst Plasmas & Fusao Nucl, Lisbon, Portugal

[47] Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia

[48] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France

[49] Naka Fus Res Estab, Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka 3110913, Ibaraki, Japan

[50] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany

[51] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Lab JA Dieudonne, F-06108 Nice 2, France

[52] CIEMAT, Lab Nacl Fus, Madrid, Spain

[53] Koninklijke Militaire Sch Ecole Royale Militaire, Lab Plasma Phys, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium

[54] Lithuanian Energy Inst, LT-44403 Kaunas, Lithuania

[55] Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[56] Teilinst Greifswald, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany

[57] MIT Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[58] Natl Fus Res Inst NFRI, Daejeon 305806, South Korea

[59] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens 15773, Greece

[60] NCSR Demokritos, Athens 15310, Greece

[61] NRC Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia

[62] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA

[63] PELIN LLC, St Petersburg 195220, Russia

[64] Politecn Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy

[65] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA

[66] SCK CEN, Nucl Res Ctr, B-2400 Mol, Belgium

[67] Second Univ Napoli, Consorzio CREATE, I-80125 Naples, Italy

[68] Seoul Natl Univ, Shilim Dong, Gwanak Gu, South Korea

[69] Slovenian Fus Assoc SFA, Jozef Stefan Inst, Reactor Phys Dept, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

[70] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, Basel, Switzerland

[71] Tampere Univ Technol, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland

[72] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark

[73] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Magurele, Romania

[74] Natl Inst Cryogen & Isotop Technol, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania

[75] Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys, Magurele, Romania

[76] Natl Inst Optoelect, Magurele, Romania

[77] Nucl Fuel Plant, Pitesti, Romania

[78] Troitsk Inst Innovat & Thermonucl Res TRINITI, Moscow 142190, Russia

[79] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Chengdu, Peoples R China

[80] ENEA CR Frascati, Unita Tecn Fus, I-00044 Rome, Italy

[81] Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain

[82] Univ Seville, Seville, Spain

[83] Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Madrid, Spain

[84] Univ Politecn Madrid, Grp I2A2, Madrid, Spain

[85] Univ Roma, Rome, Italy

[86] Univ Coll Cork UCC, Corcaigh, Ireland

[87] Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy

[88] Univ Basilicata, Consorzio CREATE, I-80125 Naples, Italy

[89] Univ Calif, Oakland, CA 94607 USA

[90] Univ Cassino, Consorzio CREATE, I-80125 Naples, Italy

[91] Univ Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland

[92] Univ Innsbruck, Fus Osterreich Akad Wissensch OAW, Innsbruck, Austria

[93] Univ Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia

[94] Univ Napoli Federico II, Consorzio CREATE, I-80125 Naples, Italy

[95] Univ Napoli Parthenope, Consorzio CREATE, I-80125 Naples, Italy

[96] Univ Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia

[97] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA

[98] Univ York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, England

[99] Vienna Univ Technol, Fus OAW, Vienna, Austria

[100] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland

[101] Wigner Res Ctr Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary

关键词: Ion beam analysis;    Nuclear reaction;    Controlled fusion;    First wall materials;    Deuterium;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.nimb.2015.09.077

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

First wall materials in controlled fusion devices undergo serious modification by several physical and chemical processes arising from plasma-wall interactions. Detailed information is required for the assessment of material lifetime and accumulation of hydrogen isotopes in wall materials. The intention of this work is to give a concise overview of key issues in the characterization of plasma-facing materials and components in tokamaks, especially in JET with an ITER-Like Wall. IBA techniques play a particularly prominent role here because of their isotope selectivity in the low-Z range (1-10), high sensitivity and combination of several methods in a single run. The role of He-3-based NRA, RBS (standard and micro size beam) and HIERDA in fuel retention and material migration studies is presented. The use of tracer techniques with rare isotopes (e.g. N-15) or marker layers on wall diagnostic components is described. Special instrumentation, development of equipment to enhance research capabilities and issues in handling of contaminated materials are addressed. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.

【 授权许可】

Free